Causes of Stress Among Teachers

a) Generating ideas Excessive workload Causes of stress Inadequate Large class size salaries Societal factors Involuntary transfer b) Focusing c) Supporting Introduction Stress could simply be defined as an unpleasant emotion which arises when people worry that they could not cope with excessive pressures or other types of demand placed upon them such as anger or depression by a teacher usually accompanied by potentially pathogenic, physiological and biochemical changes resulting from aspects of the teacher’s job.Therefore, it is essential for both pre-service teachers and those already in the profession to identify the causes of stress. Large class size Generally, the most effective classrooms are those in which teachers can communicate and cope with each of the student to meet their needs, thus require full attention of the students. The task become difficult with the increase in size of the class because large class size provides fewer opportunities to interact individually with each student. Hence, the teacher feel less involved and less effective. Inadequate salariesInadequate salaries also one of the factor that face by many teachers and this has also causes stress among teachers. Most of the teachers complain of their low salaries. In addition, parents and society give a high expectations and invest them with an enormous degree of responsibility while politicians continually declare that our children are our nation’s future. In response to such statement, the teachers ask for their financial rewards that equate with such important task. Societal factors Generally, the teachers welcome parental environment in schools but majority of the parents are not supportive to teachers.Unsupportive parents come under two major varieties which are not involved and too involved. Parents whom not involved are those parents who are not available, incapable or uninterested in their children’s education and those who put the whole responsibility of ed ucating their children on teachers. Parents whom too involved are those parents who have decided that the real education is only possible if parents constantly monitor what occurs in the school. Conclusion It is generally accepted that stress is a multi-dimensional and multi-concept.Increasingly it has acquired a negative connotation, implying excessive demand or pressure. It is difficult to distinguish stress from its causes and effects. However, the teachers should fine an effective way to overcome their stress. d) Drafting Stress could simply be defined as an unpleasant emotion which arises when people worry that they could not cope with excessive pressures or other types of demand placed upon them such as anger or depression by a teacher usually accompanied by potentially pathogenic, physiological and biochemical changes resulting from aspects of the teacher’s job.Stress also has become an integral part of living. For some individuals it is the driving force behind succes sful undertakings and for others it is the cause of their failures. In this ever-changing and fast-paced society, career related stress has become a prevalent term in everyday language. Whether one is a novice or a seasoned veteran in profession, almost all individuals experienced stressful situations in their jobs. Recently, this condition has been more widely explored for a select group of professionals which are our nation’s teachers.Therefore, it is essential for both pre-service teachers and those already in the profession to identify the causes of stress. Generally, the most effective classrooms are those in which teachers can communicate and cope with each of the student to meet their needs, thus require full attention of the students. The task become difficult with the increase in size of the class because large class size provides fewer opportunities to interact individually with each student. Hence, the teacher feel less involved and less effective. Moreover, with t he increase in class size, the classroom management will become more difficult.The teacher might need to use higher voice tone while teaching and giving instructions to students. Furthermore, overcrowded classrooms will make the lesson uninteresting and the students will feel sleepy because the teacher cannot focus on every student while teaching, thus the student will not give full attention to the lesson and this factor will causes stress among teachers. Inadequate salaries also one of the factor that face by many teachers and this has also causes stress among teachers. Most of the teachers complain of their low salaries.Some of them compare their salaries with other professionals group and their work at school level with the teachers at college level. This situations become stressful for the teachers. However, to meet their expenditure they search for other ways. For example, they do a private tuition which is a good way but not the best one because it is not good for teachers to earn from their own school students. In addition, parents and society give a high expectations and invest them with an enormous degree of responsibility while politicians continually declare that our children are our nation’s future.In response to such statement, the teachers ask for their financial rewards that equate with such important task. This shows that inadequate salaries is one of the causes of stress among teachers. The school success is strongly influence by unconcerned parents, parents beliefs, an integral part of the educational process and parental support of children’s work. Generally, the teachers welcome parental environment in schools but majority of the parents are not supportive to teachers. Unsupportive parents come under two major varieties which are not involved and too involved.Parents whom not involved are those parents who are not available, incapable or uninterested in their children’s education and those who put the whole responsibil ity of educating their children on teachers. Parents whom too involved are those parents who have decided that the real education is only possible if parents constantly monitor what occurs in the school. Usually, this parents feel that their child is being overlooked by the teacher and that only constant pressure on their part will rectify the situations.Generally, parents are perceived by the teachers as either unhelpful, unavailable or intrusive although all parents are not of such kind. This societal factors is one of the causes of stress. It is generally accepted that stress is a multi-dimensional and multi-concept. Increasingly it has acquired a negative connotation, implying excessive demand or pressure. It is difficult to distinguish stress from its causes and effects. Large class size, inadequate salaries and societal factor are the causes of stress among teachers.However, the teachers should fine an effective way to overcome their stress such as take control of the situatio ns, figure out what is the most important and set priorities. By practicing these alternative they can reduce their stress and become more relevant in their work. (720 words) e) Revising Stress could simply be defined as an unpleasant emotion which arises when people worry that they could not cope with excessive pressures or other types of demand placed upon them such as anger or depression by a teacher usually accompanied by potentially pathogenic, physiological and biochemical changes resulting from aspects of the teacher’s job.Stress also has become an integral part of living. For some individuals it is the driving force behind successful undertakings and for others it is the cause of their failures. In this ever-changing and fast-paced society, career related stress has become a prevalent term in everyday language. Whether one is a novice or a seasoned veteran in profession, almost all individuals experienced stressful situations in their jobs. Recently, this condition ha s been more widely explored for a select group of professionals which are our nation’s teachers.Therefore, it is essential for both pre-service teachers and those already in the profession to identify the causes of stress. Generally, the most effective classrooms are those in which teachers can communicate and cope with each of the student to meet their needs, thus require full attention of the students. The task become difficult with the increase in size of the class because large class size provides fewer opportunities to interact individually with each student. Hence, the teacher feel less involved and less effective. Moreover, with the increase in class size, the classroom management will become more difficult.The teacher might need to use higher voice tone while teaching and giving instructions to students. Furthermore, overcrowded classrooms will make the lesson uninteresting and the students will feel sleepy because the teacher cannot focus on every student while teach ing, thus the student will not give full attention to the lesson and this factor will causes stress among teachers. Inadequate salaries also one of the factor that face by many teachers and this has also causes stress among teachers. Most of the teachers complain of their low salaries.Some of them compare their salaries with other professionals group and their work at school level with the teachers at college level. This situations become stressful for the teachers. However, to meet their expenditure they search for other ways. For example, they do a private tuition which is a good way. But not the best one because it is not good for teachers to earn from their own school students. In addition, parents and society give a high expectations and invest them with an enormous degree of responsibility while politicians continually declare that our children are our nation’s future.In response to such statement, the teachers ask for their financial rewards that equate with such impor tant task. This shows that inadequate salaries is one of the causes of stress among teachers. The school success is strongly influence by unconcerned parents, parents beliefs, an integral part of the educational process and parental support of children’s work. Generally, the teachers welcome parental environment in schools but majority of the parents are not supportive. to teachers. Unsupportive parents come under two major varieties which are not involved and too involved.Parents whom not involved are those parents who are not available, incapable or uninterested in their children’s education and those who put the whole responsibility of educating their children on teachers. Parents whom too involved are those parents who have decided that the real education is only possible if parents constantly monitor what occurs in the school. Usually, this parents feel that their child is being overlooked by the teacher and that only constant pressure on their part will rectify t he situations.Generally, parents are perceived by the teachers as either unhelpful, unavailable or intrusive although all parents are not of such kind. This societal factors is one of the causes of stress. It is generally accepted that stress is a multi-dimensional and multi-concept. Increasingly it has acquired a negative connotation, implying excessive demand or pressure. It is difficult to distinguish stress from its causes and effects. Large class size, inadequate salaries and societal factor are the causes of stress among teachers.However, the teachers should fine an effective way to overcome their stress such as take control of the situations, figure out what is the most important and set priorities. By practicing these alternative they can reduce their stress and become more relevant in their job. (718 words) f) Final Stress could simply be defined as an unpleasant emotion which arises when people worry that they could not cope with excessive pressures or other types of deman d placed upon them such as anger or depression by a teacher usually accompanied by potentially pathogenic, physiological and biochemical changes resulting from aspects of the teacher’s job.Stress also has become an integral part of living. For some individuals it is the driving force behind successful undertakings and for others it is the cause of their failures. In this ever-changing and fast-paced society, career related stress has become a prevalent term in everyday language. Whether one is a novice or a seasoned veteran in profession, almost all individuals experienced stressful situations in their jobs. Recently, this condition has been more widely explored for a select group of professionals which are our nation’s teachers.Therefore, it is essential for both pre-service teachers and those already in the profession to identify the causes of stress. Generally, the most effective classrooms are those in which teachers can communicate and cope with each of the studen t to meet their needs, thus require full attention of the students. The task become difficult with the increase in size of the class because large class size provides fewer opportunities to interact individually with each student. Hence, the teacher feel less involved and less effective.Moreover, with the increase in class size, the classroom management will become more difficult. The teacher might need to use higher voice tone while teaching and giving instructions to students. Furthermore, overcrowded classrooms will make the lesson uninteresting and the students will feel sleepy because the teacher cannot focus on every student while teaching, thus the student will not give full attention to the lesson and this factor will causes stress among teachers.Inadequate salaries also one of the factor that face by many teachers and this has also causes stress among teachers. Most of the teachers complain of their low salaries. Some of them compare their salaries with other professionals group and their work at school level with the teachers at college level. This situation become stressful for the teachers. However, to meet their expenditure they search for other ways. For example, they do a private tuition which is a good way. But not the best one because it is not good for teachers to earn from their own school students.In addition, parents and society give a high expectations and invest them with an enormous degree of responsibility while politicians continually declare that our children are our nation’s future. In response to such statement, the teachers ask for their financial rewards that equate with such important task. This shows that inadequate salaries is one of the causes of stress among teachers. The school success is strongly influence by unconcerned parents, parents beliefs, an integral part of the educational process and parental support of children’s work.Generally, the teachers welcome parental environment in schools but majority of t he parents are not supportive. Unsupportive parents come under two major varieties which are not involved and too involved. Parents whom not involved are those parents who are not available, incapable or uninterested in their children’s education and those who put the whole responsibility of educating their children on teachers. Parents whom too involved are those parents who have decided that the real education is only possible if parents constantly monitor what occurs in the school.Usually, this parents feel that their child is being overlooked by the teacher and that only constant pressure on their part will rectify the situations. Generally, parents are perceived by the teachers as either unhelpful, unavailable or intrusive although all parents are not of such kind. This societal factor is one of the causes of stress. It is generally accepted that stress is a multi-dimensional and multi-concept. Increasingly it has acquired a negative connotation, implying excessive deman d or pressure. It is difficult to distinguish stress from its causes and effects.Large class size, inadequate salaries and societal factor are the causes of stress among teachers. However, the teachers should fine an effective way to overcome their stress such as take control of the situations, figure out what is the most important and set priorities. By practicing these alternative they can reduce their stress and become more relevant in their job. (718 words) g) Reference 1. Retrieve 15th April 2013 from www. studygs. net 2. Retrieve 15th April 2013 from ukessays. com 3. Retrieve 15th April 2013 from www. jstor. org 4. Retrieve 15th April 2013 from www. netplaces. com

Is Global Warming Happening Or Not Happening Environmental Sciences Essay

What is planetary warming? Global heating can be defined as the increasing in temperature of Earth atmosphere and oceans. The increasing of temperature may be little yet important. Global heating is besides the enhanced of nursery consequence. Greenhouse consequence occurs due to the being of nursery gases. Greenhouse gases such as C dioxide, methane, etc absorb infrared radiation. Sunlight radiation passes through the Earth ‘s ambiance, arrives Earth ‘s surface. A part of it is absorbed by the Earth ‘s surface while the other will be re-radiated back to infinite in signifier of infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases like C dioxide, methane, etc trap this infrared radiation and reflect it back to Earth ‘s surface and cause warming consequence. Without those nursery gases, H2O will stop dead and there will be no life on Earth as the Earth ‘s temperature drops dramatically. With excessively much of it, planetary heating occurs. I believe there is happening of planetary heating. Even though there are some statements against planetary heating, For case, some of the people argued that the scientific discipline of planetary heating is non proved. Besides, they argued that scientists may overstate the consequence of planetary heating as they wish to have financess from environmental organisations. Furthermore, some people thought that scientist non ever right, they may do mistakes in computation and giving wrong anticipations. Besides, scientists believe that the Sun end product has greatly changed since 1970, so there is non-occurrence of planetary heating. And, some people said that the Troposphere information does n't demo the same grade of warming as expected. Meanwhile, some scientists believe that natural emanation of green house gases is greater than unreal emanation ( Human Activities ) . However, those statements are non-sense. As there are tonss of groundss prove that there is happening of planetary he ating. First, the concentration of nursery gases such as C dioxide is increasing at an speed uping rate. C dioxide graph.gif The graph above ( cited from hypertext transfer protocol: //co2now.org/ ) shows the concentration of C dioxide from the twelvemonth of 1955 boulder clay 2010. Concentration of C dioxide increases decennary by decennary. The increasing of concentration of C dioxide rises the temperature of Earth as it traps the infrared radiation that re-radiated by Earth. Hence, planetary heating occurs. Besides, concentration of methane is increasing dramatically since industrial revolution. The graph below shows that the methane concentration in ambiance from Methane concentration.gif twelvemonth of 1984 till twelvemonth of 2005. Methane is one of the nursery gases that able to pin down more infrared radiation if compared to carbon dioxide. High concentration of methane further increases the consequence of planetary heating. Second, sea degree rises. There are 2 factors that cause sea rise, one of the factors is the Increasing in planetary temperature melts the universe ‘s glaciers that will let go of H2O to raise the sea degree. For case, ice cap on Mountain Kilimanjoro ( a mountain that is located in north- eastern Tanzania and the highest mountain in Africa. ) will be disappeared in 20 old ages. About 82 % of the ice cap has disappeared since it was foremost mapped in 1912. Besides, great sum ( around 87 % ) of Antarctic ice sheets have melted and collapsed into the sea. The 2nd factor is thermic enlargement of sea H2O. As planetary temperature is increasing at an speed uping rate, the temperature of the H2O of the sea additions, sea becomes less dense. This phenomenon will do the sea H2O to distribute. Once spreading occurs, sea H2O degree rises. ( Jeffrey Chanton, 2002 ) This information has proven that sea degree rises twelvemonth by twelvemonth, decennary by decennary. Recent_Sea_Level_Rise. png This is the graph that shows the recent sea degree rise. It is increasing decennary by decennary at an dismaying rate. With merely one sea degree rises, islands such as Maldives would disappear shortly in the hereafter. If this phenomenon continues, shortly, metropoliss like London, Bangkok and New York will below the sea degree. These are the groundss of planetary heating. They are so important. Third, ocean becomes acidic. Concentration of C dioxide is increasing at an speed uping rate. Carbon dioxide will fade out in ocean H2O, increases the concentration of H ions ( H+ ions ) as C dioxide will go carbonaceous acid, carbonaceous acid will further hydrolyse to hydrogen ions. Here is the equation of it. CO2A + H2O & lt ; = & gt ; H2CO3A & lt ; = & gt ; H+A + HCO3-ATherefore ocean H2O becomes acidic. Since 18th century, pH of sea H2O beads by somewhat more than 0.1 units. In the hereafter, the pH value will drop further. The effects are important, H2O that is acidic able to fade out the shells of aquatic beings. Aquatic beings like salmon, oysters and clinchs are sensitive to acidified H2O. Harmonizing to the article of acidified ocean H2O endanger marine life from Mexico to Vancouver Island, scientist, Lanson and her co-workers did some research on sea H2O of Queen Charlotte Sound, North of Vancouver Island, to northern Mexico. They found out that the sea H2O is caustic. As she mentioned that, the acidified sea H2O brings great impact on shell aquatic beings as the corrosiveness of the sea H2O dissolve their shell. Soon in the hereafter, the ecosystem of ocean will be affected. Fourthly, O depletion zones across universe ‘s ocean. Dead and low life zones are spread outing in universe ‘s oceans presents. Fig. 2. The graph above shows the correlativity between the concentration of O and C dioxide in hatches and staircases. The concentration of C dioxide is reciprocally relative to concentration of O. This graph has proven that the increasing of concentration of C dioxide that cause planetary heating will do O depletion in universe ‘s ocean every bit good. Harmonizing to a scientific discipline study that published by the research workers of University of Kiel, Germany, states that O content is diminishing in cardinal and eastern equatorial Africa and in the equatorial of Pacific. Besides, zones off the seashore of California and in the Gulf of Mexico are confronting diminishing in O content. While, subarctic Pacific is the top of it. Oxygen depletion causes extinction of aquatic beings. This will greatly impact human shortly in the hereafter, as human loss their beginning of nutrient. In the hereafter, dead fishes and other aquatic animals will drift on sea surface. More and more oceans will turn into dead sea because of planetary heating. The image below shows that the dead fishes that float on sea surface due to oxygen depletion that occurs in their home ground. O depletion.jpg The 5th grounds is climate alteration. Climate alteration is the changing of clime over a period of clip. Climate alteration may be limited to specific parts or occurs globally. Nowadays, the conditions is acquiring warmer and heater. Heat is constructing up on Earth ‘s surface. Drought occurs often in the past 30 old ages due to planetary heating. As an illustration, monolithic California fires. Besides that, planetary warming leads to other utmost conditions forms such as more hurricanes. For case, in August/September 2004, a moving ridge of hurricanes devastates Caribbean islands and parts of south eastern United States. Increasing of temperature of ocean H2O increases the opportunities of hurricanes as the H2O evaporates, it will organize hurricane while warm H2O will assist to keep strength and strength of hurricane. Besides, heavy rainfall and intense rain occur often presents due to planetary heating. Warmer temperature causes H2O evaporates more and big sum of wet in th e ambiance. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.preventionweb.net/english/includes/gpgraph/bars_occurence_hazard_hubpage.php? hazard=flood The graph above shows that the figure of inundation occurred ( reported ) around the universe. ( Source of informations: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database ) . Number of inundation is increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth, because of planetary heating. The 6th grounds is the alterations in agricultural field. As planetary heating changes the planetary temperature, utmost conditionss occur ; modified weed, plague and pathogen exist. Crop output decreases at low-latitude country ( Schneider et al, 2007 ) . Increasing temperature causes A The past few old ages have seen the Northern Hemisphere and other topographic points around the Earth experience higher temperatures that caused by planetary heating, which could ease growing features for certain plagues. For case, British Columbia, Canada has had a pine beetle infestation that threatens to destruct between 70-80 % of their woods by 2013.A Besides, planetary warming nowadayss new challenges for corn plague direction, as high temperature improves prevalence of insect plagues, increases winter-survival. Plagues that onslaught corn that is winter-intolerance, due to increasing in planetary temperature, they survive during winter season and they attack corn and causes dropping of harvest output and besides alterations in harvest output variableness. This is proven by scientists, Noah SA Diffenbaugh, Christian HA Krupke, Michael AA WhiteA andA Corinne EA Alexander. Furthermore, harmonizing to on-line journal Environmental Research Letters proves that increasing in planetary temperature reduced production of maizes, wheat and barley by 40 million metric dozenss per twelvemonth between 1981 and 2002. Compared to the information from Food and Agriculture Organization, outputs of wheat, rice, maize, soya beans, barley and sorghum, fell by 3-5 % for every 1 grade F rise. Furthermore, harmonizing to MAHA Malaysia, maple sirup production in America is diminishing approximately 10 % due to warmer and shorter winter. While drouth that occurs because of planetary heating causes H2O deficit, serious thesis greatly affects agribusiness. A scientific study from Colorado State University besides shows that increasing in planetary temperature causes croping lands to be less produc tive. hypertext transfer protocol: //fishsnorkel.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/crop-yields-jpeg.jpg? w=460 & A ; h=314 The graph above shows the decrease of the 10 twelvemonth turn overing growing rate in universe entire harvest yield/hectare since the agricultural revolution ( Data beginning, FAO ) . Besides, human wellness is greatly affected by planetary heating and clime alterations. This can be strong grounds that prove the happening of planetary heating. Extreme conditions events greatly affected human wellness. For case, utmost conditions that causes flood causes human decease and besides water-borne diseases spread in an accelerating rate. While heat moving ridges in Europe in August, 2003 resulted in extra mortality in the scope of 35,000 entire deceases. And drought brought infective diseases such as meningitis that greatly infected occupants in semi- and sub-Saharan Africa. Climate alteration besides alters the distribution of infective diseases vectors, as hurricanes and rains provide engendering beds for the vectors. Those infective diseases vectors attack human being. Hence, human mortality rate additions. Some scientific surveies have found out that higher temperature increased episodes of diarrhoeal disease in grownups and kids in Peru. Increasing in planetary temp erature non merely affects harvest output, animate beings yet human being. Water crisis is really familiar in this modern epoch. As planetary heating, clime alteration affects H2O resources. In the West, there is a turning Water exigency in Southern British Columbia, as the reservoirs are now merely at 30 per cent. In China, drought brings H2O crisis, thaw of the glaciers of Qinghai-Tibet tableland in Western China due to planetary heating reduces their potable H2O resources. The other strong grounds that prove there is happening of planetary heating is the migration of works and aquatic beings in the ocean. For case, many species of plankton are traveling north to get away the warming H2O on the sea surface off Greenland and Alaska. Besides, Eider ducks that live on St. Lawrence migrate 100 stat mis north to a part with colder clime. This strongly implicates that the heating of H2O off the island. Furthermore, harmonizing to the on-line diary, Global Warming Effects seen in animate being and works universes, 99 species in North America and Europe showed that wildlife such as birds, butterflies and alpine herbs shifted northerly an mean 6.1km per decennary. Global warming causes temperature-sensitive wildlife to seek for ice chest locations that are farther North. Besides, 172 species of migratory birds, amphibious vehicles were engendering earlier in spring, workss and vegetations blossoming earlier. Those groundss support the happening of planetary heating.

My Project I Started Volunteering At St. Vincent De Paul

For my project I started volunteering at St. Vincent De Paul with Hannah. We unloaded boxes, organized items, and sometimes even directly helped a customer. However during this time I never felt like anything clicked. I couldn’t make any connections. It’s not that they weren’t there; I just wasn’t able to really pick up on much that I could write about. So I decided to take a different route. I had a friend that I used to work with who had been arrested and been to jail before and I asked him if he would elaborate on his experiences so that I might find something that would tug on my heart strings and give me something I would feel passionate enough about to write a paper. I was pleasantly surprised to get more than what I had bargained for. He really brought me into his world. Light bulbs started going off above my head and I’m excited to share these with you. I interviewed my previous coworker who is a small time drug dealer. He has been arrested six times, been to jail for a few months a couple times, as well as spending several random nights in jail. His first arrest occurred at eighteen. He was out making his rounds selling marijuana and got caught selling to a minor. He had bags of weed on him as well as the paraphernalia used to smoke it like pipes and roach clips. This resulted in a felony charge and two misdemeanor charges on his record. Because this was his first offense he only had to stay a month in jail. When I asked him how it was to be in jail for the firstShow MoreRelatedSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 Pagesin London, United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. The first event, the group stage in women s football, began two days earlier, on 25 July.[3][4] More than 10,000 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) participated.[5] It started on Friday 27 July 2012 at 0:00. Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating bidsRead MoreSocial Legal and Economic Impact of Ebusiness in Ireland13799 Words   |  56 Pagesaffected by the rapid development of eBusiness over the past 10-15 years. Within these areas, they have been broken down into the positive and negative aspects although in some cases, relevant points have both positive and negative aspects to them so I choose between them rather than duplicating a topic. Research Methods The following approach was taken to produce this assignment and evolved over the course of its development to now become standard practice for all future assignments. 1. ProduceRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesContents Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum †¢ The Power of Management Capital 1. New Management for Business Growth in a Demanding Economy 1 1 Text Jones−George †¢ Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management 17 17 2. The Evolution of Management Thought Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy †¢ Leadership, Fifth Edition I. Leadership is a Process, Not a Position 51 51 70 1. Leadership is Everyone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in OrganizationsRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagescontributions, you are encouraged to use independent thought and, through discussions with your peers outside of class, to refine your thinking. We also encourage you to avoid using ‘I think’, ‘I believe’ and ‘I feel’ to discuss your inputs to a case analysis process. Instead, consider using a less emotion-laden phrase, such as ‘My analysis shows’. This highlights the logical nature of the approach you have taken to complete the six steps of an effective case analysis process. When preparing for an in-class

The Issue Of Marlboro s Ethical Violations - 938 Words

Marlboro is one of the most well known top brands of the maker Phillip Morris. In 1924, Marlobor was initially launched as a woman’s cigarette it was a filtered brand. In the earlier years, a filtered cigarette was considered to be safer than an unfiltered cigarette. One of Marlboro’s ethical violations is a breach of their own ethical code which states â€Å"We do not and will not market our products to minors, including the use of images and content with particular appeal to minors†. They tried to persuade young people to smoke through advertisements using bill boards, campaign ads on television and magazines, and promotional events, and concerts. One of their slogans was â€Å"Don’t be a Maybe, Be Marlboro†. These campaign ads have been introduced to over 50 countries excluding the United States. In October 2013, Germany restricted Marlboro from advertising any of their promotional images because they were encouraging too many underage chi ldren in their country to smoke. Other countries such as The Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia are not as strict as Germany regarding laws on smoking. In addition to their advertisement schemes, they were also in violation of the tobacco control laws. Many of the bi products in cigarettes are very addictive and deadly which is why those that smoke are at greater risk of acquiring health problems thought out their lifespan. Another ethical violation within the company was employing children as young as 10 years old to work for them. It wasShow MoreRelatedPhilip Morris Ethical Issues Essay2355 Words   |  10 PagesBUSI 385 Philip Morris International Inc. Cigarettes an Ethical Dilemma For a Prosperous Company By Matthew Murray Table of Contents Company Overview Company Success and Campaigns Tobacco Regulation and Effect on the Company An Ethical Look on an â€Å"Evil† Company Philip Morris and Positive Ethical Behavior Company Views and the Utilitarian Approach The Fact of the Matter for Philip Morris In Conclusion References Company Overview The Philip Morris foundedRead MoreBrand and Page25228 Words   |  101 Pagesthe local marketplace, and: a. invent new products for foreign customers. b. concentrate on services. c. apply for permission to copy domestic products. d. concentrate on image adjustment. e. focus on secondary issues (such as warranties). Answer: (a) Difficulty: (2) Knowledge: (F) Page: 351 4. In the area of global product policy, companies can pursue three strategies to penetrate foreign markets. The strategies include: a. extensionRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagessituations that managers and those with whom they work must analyse and resolve. As you will see, a strategic management case can focus on an entire industry, a single organisation or a business unit of a large, diversified firm. The strategic management issues facing not-for-profit organisations also can be examined using the case analysis method. Basically, the case analysis method calls for a careful diagnosis of an organization’s current conditions (as manifested by its external and internal environments)Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesorganizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitive intelligence system The development of a competitive stance: the potential for ethical conflict Summary CONTENTS vii Stage Two: Where do we want to be? Strategic direction and strategic formulation 7 Missions and objectives 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Learning objectives Introduction The purpose of planning EstablishingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesStarbucks, we have moved Entrepreneurial Adventures up to the front of the book. We have continued Marketing Wars, which many of you recommended, and reinstated Comebacks of firms iii iv †¢ Preface rising from adversity. I have also brought back Ethical Mistakes, because I believe that organizations more than ever need to be responsive to society’s best interests. Altogether, this 11th edition brings seven new cases to replace seven that were deleted from the previous edition. Some of the cases

Women in Nazi Germany - 1548 Words

The women in Nazi Germany had a very specific role set up for them. The specifications of their job consisted of revolving around their house duties, their husbands and their children. Most of the income in the family would come from the husband, while back at home, the women would tidy up and keep everything in place. The encouragement of marrying at a young age, and getting a proper family dates back to 1933, from when Hitler first rose to power, and the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage was introduced. This law specified that all newly married couples would get a government loan of 1000 marks which was about 9 months average income. This loan was not to be simply paid back. The birth of one child meant that 25% of the loan did not†¦show more content†¦The medals varied from bronze to gold, eligible mothers who have raised eight or more children have been awarded with gold. This sort of recognition would praise the women of Germany and would celebrate all of their acc omplishments which they were destined to do. In 1933, Magda Gobbles declared: German women were excluded from three professions: the army, as elsewhere in the world; the government; and the judiciary. If a German girl must choose between marriage or a career, she will always be encouraged to marry, because that is what is best for a woman†. Even if nazi ideology has worked smoothly in Germany, this would restrict the women in various ways, preventing them from becoming who they desire to be. As to many restrictions profession wise, the women in Germany were also prohibited of many other items, such as the use of make up. In 1933, meetings of NSBO (National Sozialistischer Betriebs Obman, the womens section of the German Workers Front) proclaimed that women who were â€Å"painted and powdered were forbidden at all meetings of the NSBO. Women who smoked in public – in hotels, cafà ©s, in the street and so on – will be excluded from NSBO†. Sexuality was banned unless it was for reproductiveShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Women and Children in Nazi Germany 1498 Words   |  6 PagesAdolf Hitler In 1933, Germany became the living hell for a lot people in Germany. They were persecuted for their color and religion by a well known man named Adolf Hitler and his devoted followers. Hitler changed the way people saw life and felt about it because of the hate he got after his horrible experience in World War I. He believed that they lost because German people had become weak and pathetic, He basically thought and said that they lost because of the Jewishs or any other race that wasRead MoreThe Role of Women in Nazi Germany Essay747 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Women in Nazi Germany ‘The role of women in Nazi Germany?’ what is it? In this essay I will explain to you what the role of women in Nazi Germany was all about and how Hitler came to power in Germany and made changes which affected what women did. Hitler made changes in the way people lived their lives. I will also use the sources to back up my answers. I will then decide if the Nazis believed men were better than women. Adolf Hitler first came to powerRead MoreRole of Women in Maoist China and Nazi Germany1707 Words   |  7 Pages Analyse the role of women in Maoist China and Nazi Germany. â€Å"Chairman Mao is regarded as a sexist for his dalliances with young women in his old age. But on one day in 1949 Chairman Mao and the CPC did more for the liberation of women than perhaps had ever been done before in history.† This signifies the attitude of Mao towards women who benefited hugely under his policy in China after he had gained power. However, Hitler’s approach how to deal with women is contrary and destructiveRead More The Impact of Nazi Policies on the Position and Role of Women in Germany, 1933-391014 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Nazi Policies on the Position and Role of Women in Germany, 1933-39 The Nazi regime aimed to utilize the family for its own needs. Women were obligated to marry and have children, instead of having their own personal decisions. The functions of the family were reduced to the single task of reproduction. They aimed to break the family, and to place it as a breeding and rearing institution completely in the service of the totalitarian state. The main objectiveRead MoreThe Nazi Party And The Nazis1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nazi’s quest to unite Germany under the notion of ‘One People, One Empire’ affected and impacted many social groups in Germany. Women were utilized by the Nazi Party in ensuring the survival and ‘production’ of the future generations of Germany, and maintaining the ideal and traditional version of the Aryan mother and wife. There was also a lot of pressure directed towards artists and writers. Who in the eyes of the Nazi party, were meant to conform to art forms such as neoclassicism and traditionalRead MoreIb History Essay: Nazi Ideology1180 Words   |  5 PagesStrength and Weaknesses from the impact of Nazi ideology on Germany | | Jean-Vincent Mewald | 3/March/2012 | | Nazi ideology had a massive impact on the German people in the years from 1933-39. All aspects of the Germans where influenced by the Nazi ideology (culturally, socially and economical). Nazi ideology affected mostly the younger generation of Germans, as it was easier to manipulate them through school and youth groups. In addition, Nazi leaders thought it was of great importanceRead MoreThe National Socialist Party And The Downfall Of The Conquering Nazi Regime910 Words   |  4 PagesNational Socialist Party’s rise to power to the downfall of the conquering Nazi regime, the ideology of a racially and biologically superior Germany was a large motivating force for the actions taken by the regime’s leaders and its people. National Socialist supporters saw the fictitious Aryan race as the pure, master race of Germany, while minority races and religions, namely Jews, as well as any subculture that did not follow Nazi ideology or social norms, were deemed as inferior sub-hu mans. DespiteRead MoreTaking a Look at the Weimar Republic955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Weimar Republic existed in Germany between 1918 and 1933 (The Weimar Republic). The new Weimar Constitution of 1919 gave German women suffrage as well as access to educational initiatives like sexual hygiene and birth control (Pine, 199). Women got the chance to join political parties, trade unions, and immerse themselves in political life (Frevert, 175). The Weimar Republic wanted to give German women a chance at political success so they created the Ausschuss fà ¼r die Vorbereitung von FrauenRead MoreSuccess/ Failure of Nazi Policies on Women1439 Words   |  6 PagesNazi Policies on women The 1933 Law for the Encouragement of Marriage (newly married couples given loan of 1000 marks - for each child produced they got to keep 250 marks and did not have to repay.) These loans were for â€Å"vouchers for furniture and other household goods, provided, of course, that the women gave up work on marriage and devoted herself to motherhood† Women who had over eight children were given the Motherhood Cross (handed out on Hitlers mothers birthday) Abortion outlawed and contraceptivesRead MoreHitler s Influence On The Nazi Party1440 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Nazi state. The power and intelligence of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1939 would forever change Germany and its way of life. Hitler was determined to influence the youth to support the Nazi movement and all the ethics and ideas that the party stood for. He was aware that it was crucial to encourage children and teenagers to be involved in order for the Nazi party to maintain their power for years to come. The Hitler-Jugend (Hitler Youth) was considered vital and became the sole Nazi youth

Investors and Contractors Assests and Procurement

Question: Describe about the Investors and Contractors for Assests and Procurement. Answer: 1. The major investment in mining company can be in the infrastructure assets and procurement of mining sites. The investment requirement in the infrastructure assets by the mining companies is huge and they need heavy machinery to be able to mine the ores and minerals present in the mining site. Also the company has to forecast the quantity of different machinery, cutting tools and machines to transport the minerals extracted from the sites to plants where they can be refined and converted to usable products. There are many companies which help in providing the financing for providing the necessary infrastructure. Also huge investments are required while bidding for the mining projects. The mining companies can earn a huge amount of money from the potential mining sites and hence invests in procurement of mining sites. Also there are firms which invest in sites and make them ready for mining and then these sites are sold to the mining company. This helps in reduction of risk of the mining companies and also makes it easier for them to start the project. (Chew, 2012) Lastly, mining companies invests in human capital and the training is provided to each employee working on the site and provides safety equipment to them. 2. The most important activities carried out from CFOs office are: Decision making: The CFO of a company helps in managing the financial risk of the company. The CFOs office decides the various investments of the company in various projects and funds. It is responsible for finalizing a project based on the return and risk involved it. The CFOs office is also in charge of the capital structure the company has and has to take decisions regarding the change in capital structure by increasing or decreasing the equity and leveraging on the debt to equity ratio to maximize the returns for the company. The CFO must also have valid reasons while making changes in the structure and should be able to justify the changes when subjected to scrutiny by the shareholders of the company. Assessment of the company: The CFOs office is responsible for the assessing the performance of the company based on the performance in the last year and taking necessary steps to achieve its goals. They take inputs from various departments and then combine the entire data to produce reports and help CEO in assessment of the company. They also translate the financial metrics into understandable format for the shareholders. CFOs office need to take care that no wrong or incorrect information is passed to the shareholders which can affect the prices of the shares of the company. Planning and forecasting: The CFOs office is also responsible for the planning and forecasting the future production of the company and helps each department in setting their goals and targets. They need to consider the low performing assets and find ways to improve its efficiency. If the CFO finds an asset to be non performing and will not be of any use to the company in near future, he can also dispose them off. The CFO uses scenario analysis and forecasting models to plan for different situations and remove all the contingencies from the same. The CFO is responsible for planning the long term sustainable growth for the company. (Biery, 2015) Thus the role of CFO is very important in setting the goals and objectives for the company. 3. While managing the funds of a public listed company, the managers should consider the impact their decisions will have on the investment made by the shareholders. The managers need to be more careful while dealing with funds of a public listed company as the money is not owned by them but the people and it is their responsibility to provide value to the investment made by the public. If the company takes care of its customers and is able to deal with the specifications required by them in time at appropriate cost then the company can make loyal customers which can provide more business to the company and earn more profits for the shareholders. Also while taking a decision, the manager of public listed company should take in to account the value their decision is going to add to the shareholders and if their decisions are going to impact the stakeholders. They should inform all the decision taken by them to the shareholders and try to add benefit to the shareholder and stakeholder at large. 4. Antipodes Mineral resources (AMR) is not only accountable to the owners of the firm but also to all the stakeholders involved with the company which includes customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders. AMR should take in to consideration all the stakeholders before taking any decision and the decision should be such that it is favorable to all of them. The company should generate profits for the owners of the company but it should also treat its employees with care as it is because of the continuous effort by the employees the company has been able to generate the profit. The company should treat its suppliers with care as it can provide competitive advantage over the competitors and the supplier will ensure that the company will have all the necessary supplies in time and at the best possible price and this can be beneficial for both of them. If the company takes care of its customers and is able to deal with the specifications required by them in time at appropriate cost then the company can make loyal customers which can provide more business to the company and earn more profits for the shareholders. Also the mining company should take care that the pollution created by the company does not affect the people living in those areas. Thus, Antipodes Mineral resources is not only accountable to the owners but to all the people affected by it. (Jensen, 2001) a. The cash flow on the project is given below Year Cash flow 0 -3000000 1 700000 2 700000 3 700000 4 700000 5 -1300000 6 700000 7 700000 8 700000 9 700000 10 900000 We need to find the NPV (Net present value) of the project. Net present value is defined as the present value of the future cash flow. It is obtained by discounting the future cash flow to present. It is given by NPV = Thus NPV = 136462.99 Thus NPV of the project is positive. So the company can go ahead with the project. C. Payback period is the time after which the revenue generated is equal to the investment. Thus in this case, payback period is in between 7 and 8 years. Pay back period = 7 + (100000/700000) = 7.14 years. (Investopedia, 2011) Discounted Payback period is the time after which the present value revenue generated is equal to the investment made. Year Cash flow Present Value Cumulative Value 0 -3000000 -3000000 -3000000 1 700000 636363.6364 -2363636 2 700000 578512.3967 -1785124 3 700000 525920.3606 -1259204 4 700000 478109.4188 -781094 5 -1300000 -807197.72 -1588292 6 700000 395131.751 -1193160 7 700000 359210.6828 -833949 8 700000 326555.1661 -507394 9 700000 296868.3329 -210526 10 900000 346988.9605 136463 Thus in this case, Discounted Payback period = 9 + (210526/ 346998.96) = 9.606 years The discounted pay back period is very high and the investors would prefer to invest in a project where the discounted pay back period is lower and could consider other options. References Chew, A. (2012). Investing in mining related infrastructure - what investors and contractors should know. Retrieved on September 16, 2016 from https://www.corrs.com.au/thinking/insights/investing-in-mining-related-infrastructure-what-investors-contractors-should-know/ Jensen, M. (2001). Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Retrieved on September 16, 2016 from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6622.2001.tb00434.x/full Investopedia. (2011). Net Present Value NPV. Retrieved on September 16, 2016 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/npv.asp Investopedia. (2011). Payback Period. Retrieved on September 16, 2016 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/paybackperiod.asp Biery, M. E. (2015). 4 Key Functions of a Chief Financial Officer. Retrieved September 7, 2016 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/242001

Quality Assurance and Mr. Khan free essay sample

Introduction This paper is prepared based on a case study of garments industry. Mr. Khan started a garments industry. After running for 5 years, he reached at the breakeven point that is no profit and no loss. At the same time, he faced some problems regarding the sustainability of the garments. Here we tried to identify the problems that faced by Mr. Khan based on the on going garment sectors’ condition of Bangladesh. According to us, he did not face any budget problem but he faced performance problem and time problem. After identifying the problems, we tried to give some recommendations regarding the sustainability of his garments industry which are discussed here. 18 Flowchart of problems: 18 Problems identification: 18 The problems we have identified so far, are of mainly three types. The problems are as follows: 1. Performance problems: 1. 1 Poor communication Mr. Khan has poor communication with employees, customers(foreign local) and suppliers appears for several reasons lack of skills or lack of understanding of the importance of strong communication, employees dont get information in a timely manner, employees are given too much information that isnt relevant etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Assurance and Mr. Khan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. 2 Poor infrastructural design Now a days, the most garments has poor transportation and communication system and building structure, entrance and exit system is bad in case of fire and other accident. 1. Low product quality Sewing defects, Color defects, Sizing defects and Garment defects are quality related problems faced by Mr. Khan which make the product quality low. It creates very bad impression and results in loss of business and reputation. 1. 4 Lack of management policy Today’s garments sector has huge problem with management like- lack of proper instruction, , lack of proper training, workers dissatisfaction with their facilities and payment. 1. 5 Lack of research Although a garment is a thrust sector, lack of proper research and development work remains a major inadequacy for long. The garments do not research about product, buyers and their competitors. 1. 6 Export import barriers 18 Garments are facing export and import barriers. In exporting, garments facing high duty and cota problems. In importing, garments are facing port and customs problems. 1. 7 Limited Export Market Mr. Khan is highly concentrated in two major markets- EU and USA. concentration in a few markets is risky. 1. 8 Excessive labor union Labor union raises their voice for wage increases, set working hours, bonus, on time payment and safety conditions. and productivity. 1. 9 Low productivity of workers The labor productivity of Mr. Khan is much lower. The majority of the workers come from slum dwellers with little or no education. This is one of the reasons of low productivity. Lack of training, motivation and low labor cost are also responsible for lower productivity. 1. 10 Failed to apply TQM (Total quality management) Mr. khan has failed to apply TQM (total Quality Management) in his production process. 1. 11 Lack of high technology Lack of standard machinery results in poor quality and defected garment products. In most of the factories there is theft cases of parts of machines and these are replaced with low quality parts to keep the machine operational. . 12 Limited knowledge in international marketing information Mr. Khan has limited access to current market intelligence and international trade information. Foreign buying houses have been dominating the marketing part of the business. But if these buying houses shift their bases to other countries, Bangladeshi exporters may face serious problems in findi ng their ultimate buyers. For that reason they strike which reflects on profit Limited exported in Germany, UK, France, Netherland, Italy and Canada. The high 18 1. 3 Inefficiency in port management The Chittagong Port is the most important entry and exit point for trade and commerce of the country. It is one of the most inefficient and corrupt ports which seriously hamper the competitiveness of Bangladeshi garment in the world market. The corruptions are- Frequent work stoppage by different service providers, transport workers, Excessive dock labor unionism, Politicization of Collective Bargaining Agents, Direct involvement of powerful local politicians, elite and musclemen, illegal gratification practices. 1. 14 High competition Mr. Khan is facing high competition for other local garments industries and efficient producers like Hong Kong, China, India, Thailand, and Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Caribbean countries. 2. Time problems: 2. 1 Global Recession The garment exporters are suffering badly due to the ongoing global economic crisis. For the worldwide recession, Mr. Khan is realizing low unit value from the overseas market and paying higher unit value for importing raw materials. 2. 2 Lack of resource when needed Resource like electricity, gas and water are not adequate. The raw materials are not also available in our country. Mr. Khan depended on others countries for outsourcing of raw materials which charged higher prices and increased the production cost. 2. 3 Lead time The buyers want the product within a limited time with a best possible price that Mr. khan could not meet up. 3. Money Problems: 18 3. 1 Fluctuation of international prices International price fluctuate heavily. As a result, cost of raw materials increases which ultimately increase the total price. 3. 2 High corporate tax rate In garments industry has to pay high tax on their production as well as VAT. 1. Performance problems: 18 Performance problems and solutions Effective Communication Wonderful nfrastructural design Poor infrastructural design Poor communication Low product quality Improving product quality Effective management policies Lack of management policy Conduct more research Lack of research Effective export import system Export import barriers Limited Export Market Markets exploration Mutual understanding Labor union Low product ivity of workers Increasing productivity of workers Effective use of TQM F ile toa p T M a d p ly Q (T ta q a mn g mn o l u lity a a e e t) Lack of high technology Limited knowledge in international marketing information Use of high technology Buying agent Ensuring efficient management of ports Inefficiency in port management Increasing Competitiveness High competition Recommendation of performance problem: 18 For the performance problems showing above, we are giving the following suggestions: 1. 1 Effective Communication Clearly communication appears to be the key to project success. Effective communication skills can create a more positive outcome. Stay focused on the present employee’s feelings, understanding one another bring solution to communication problem. Effective communication goes both ways- thinking and listening. At first Mr. Khan has to listen what employees and suppliers are saying, customers or buyers want. Don’t interrupt and get defensive. Just hear them and reflect back what they’re saying so they know they are heard. Then Mr. Khan will understand them better and they’ll be more willing to listen to him. Foreign Buyer Local raw material Suppliers Manufacturer (Mr. Khan) Figure of Business Structure Foreign raw material Suppliers Try to see from the view point of employees, customer sand suppliers. Communicate directly with customer and suppliers. Mr. Khan Director Director Line Agent Line Agent Line Agent Line Agent Line Agent Line Agent Figure of Team Communication 18 As messages are passed up or down through the layers of the organization, they pass through a number of different people who can add, take from, qualify or totally twist the original message. Mr. Khan has to begin communication with the directors who receive instruction directly from him. They are then asked to share this information with their group of front line agents. One way to make sure the directives or communication that directors pass down actually get to the front-lines the way he intended is to randomly conduct â€Å"round table† discussions. Pull 3-5 front line agents in for a discussion that is very informal and ask specific questions to get a feel for the messages Mr. Khan has passed down and to make sure the director is doing their job. To overcome fear Mr. Khan must work to develop trust among the employees. Trust develops when Mr. Khan will do what he says he is going to do and by doing his part to help the team succeed. Mr. Khan has to build trust and not violate the confidentiality of the employees who are openly and honestly sharing. Again, the key to honest feedback is to create a trustworthy relationship that employees believe will not come back to hurt them later. . 2 Wonderful infrastructural design To remove this problem Mr. Khan should establish in such type of area where transportation system is well. Mr. Khan’s garment should have large entrance and exit way and alternative way to exit in any kind accidents. For fire accident Mr. Khan’s garment should have enough fire distinguisher. If the garment has large entrance and exit and enough fire distinguisher then every employee will feel safe and will do their job with full attention. Governments can also impose some rule regulation on garments building stricter. 1. Improving product quality Before entering into international market, garment exporters have to carefully frame out the quality standards. There are a number of factors on which quality fitness of garment industry is based on such as performance, reliability, durability, visual and perceived quality of the garment. 18 The broad quality parameters (ISO 9000 series) have to follow for maintaining the export quality. Quality has to be taken care by Mr. Khan, because excuses are not entertained in international market for negligence for low quality garment products. So, Mr. Khan has to produce high quality product, use latest design and technological know- how. Apart from superior quality of the garment, its pricing, packaging, delivery, etc has to be also taken care of. Quality needs to be defined in terms of a particular frame work of cost. So, Mr. Khan needs to follow focus strategy. It means Mr. Khan has to focus on cost and quality at a time. Mr. Khan should know to negotiate a premium price after quality assurance is done. The garment shown in the catalogue should match with the final garment delivered and the garment quality should match the samples shown during taking the orders. It is important to perform according to the promises given to the buyer. Because in international market, quality reassurance is required at every point. Proper documentation and high standard labels on the garment are also important aspects as these things also create good impression. Quality is ultimately a question of customer satisfaction. Good Quality increases the value of a product or service, establishes brand name, and builds up good reputation, which in turn results into consumer satisfaction, high sales and foreign exchange. The perceived quality of a garment is the result of a number of aspects, hich together help achieve the desired level of satisfaction for the local customers and foreign buyers. Therefore quality control in terms of garment, pre-sales service, posts -sales service, delivery, pricing, etc are essentials. 1. 4 Effective management policies 18 For overcome this type of problem Mr. Khan should hire higher educated persons by providing high salary. Because they have the ability to give proper instruction to their workers like- what the buyers want, what quality of work he expect, how the work should do etc. Secondly, the workers are uneducated. For that they can not adopt with the new technology. For such kind of problem Mr. Khan needed educated workers so that they can easily adopt with new technology. On the other hand it is easy to provide higher training to the educated workers. Mr. Khan should setting a minimum wages and salary level and pays the salary and wages on time. And workers should give large space so that they can move easily. It will make the employee more motivated to their work and more devoted to the management policies. 1. 5 Conduct more research Research is needed for every company to sustain in the market. Mr. han should conduct more research also because of changing of time and demand of customers and buyers. The Mr. khan can hire research people to forecast the demand and quality of product. To forecast the buyers demand the research people can talk with the customers and buyers what kind of product and which quality of product they want. The Mr. khan should research about his competitors and their s trategy also. It can possible by observing the competitors very carefully. 1. 6 Effective export import system The governments increase the facility for exporting garments product with a low export duty and should give high dock facility. For cota system government should negotiate with that countries imposes cota on our garments product and can do an exchange deed with those countries. As the garments industry has a big contribution in our economy and we earn a huge amount of foreign currency so government should give extra emphasize on garments raw material by reducing customs formalities. 1. 7 Markets exploration 18 Efforts should be made to develop new markets, at least in large Asian countries such as Japan, China and India. This may help Mr. Khan to sustain his garments growth in the increasingly competitive global market. 1. 8 Mutual understanding Mutual understandings remove the labor union problem. While taking a break from the discussion is sometimes a good idea, always come back to it. If come up to the situation with a constructive attitude, mutual respect, and a willingness to see the other’s point of view or at least find a solution, then Mr. Khan will be able to make progress toward the goal of a resolution to the conflict. Instead of trying to ‘win’ the argument, look for solutions that meet everybody’s needs. Either through compromise or a new solution that gives both what they want most, this focus is much more effective than one person getting what they want at the other’s expense. 1. 9 Increasing productivity of workers Operations are more efficient when employees perform just one task or only certain aspects of a task in order for that job to be conducted at its highest level. Continuous efforts should be exerted to reduce the cost of doing business by increasing productivity. To enhance the productivity of labor, intensive training, worker satisfaction and proper motivation is essential. So, Mr. Khan has to provide on the job training for increase skill of production. He also has to meet the workers demand to satisfy them. Then the worker should be self motivated. Better working conditions with reasonable pay may improve the situation to attract mid to upper-mid level well-educated citizens of the society, which may help improve the productivity of labor significantly. 1. 10 Effective use of TQM Total Quality Management is a management concept . The basis of TQM is to reduce the errors produced during the manufacturing or service process, increase customer satisfaction, streamline supply chain management, aim for modernization of 8 equipment and ensure workers have the highest level of training. Mr. khan should use TQM not only achieve the objectives set out in its policy and strategy, but also, and equally importantly, sustain and build quality. Mr. khan should use TQM focuses on encouraging a continuous flow of incremental improvements from the bottom of the organizations hierarchy. It will make production smooth, increase production quality as well as management quality. 1. 11 Use of high technology Mr. Khan has to provide flawless machineries to achieve better output. Mr. Khan instead of going harsh against the workers must try to find out the real causes of low quality products and time wastage factors if they really want to bring qualitative changes in their products. 1. 12. Buying agent Mr. Khan should use a buying agent who can do all sort of job on behalf of the company and this will be very much handy, once company has enough experience doing foreign trade then it can do all the procedures itself. 1. 13 Ensuring efficient management of ports †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Operate the port for 24 hours a day Stop all toll collections that takes place at the entry and as well as within the port. Encourage the establishment of more off dock container freight stations (cfs) (both for exported and imported containers) Permit private sector to take over some of the functions of handling containers. This will reduce the space pressure on the port and minimize delays in handling raw materials. †¢ Simplify the administration of vessels entering the port and reduce the number of forms to be completed from 40 (now) to 7 (as in most ports). 18 †¢ Activate the proposed Asian Development Bank loan project and modernize Chittagong Port. The approach of the loan is to allow privatization of some port operations †¢ †¢ †¢ Revise the antiquated Shipping Act, procure more equipment, and construct the proposed new container port Banning all kinds of strikes within it Special export processing zones have been set up to ensure smooth functioning of factories for export processing. 1. 14 Increasing Competitiveness For increasing competitiveness Mr. Khan has to keep the cost of production lower than that of competitors, bring continuous innovation in technology, offering high quality product at reasonable and take different promotional activates . Time problems Time problems and solutions Global Recession Overcoming global recession Make Resource available Lack of resource when needed Lead time Manage lead time soundly 18 Recommendation of time problem: For the time problems showing above, we are giving the following suggestions: 2. 1 Overcoming global recession The BGMEA must look into it thoroughly and start thinking from now on without wasting time regarding how to tackle the situation and keep our products export on track which accounts for our foreign exchange. 2. 2 Make Resource vailable In garments factory electricity, gas and water are the most important. For this, Mr. Khan should make own bio-gas plant and own electricity plant for their garments and also can use big jars for sustain water. Government should also adequately distribute these. Mr. khan should store sufficient amount of raw material in warehouse to make the supply of raw material smooth and easy when needed. Mr. khan should also find out alternative way to sourcing raw material to buy raw 18 material in low cost when others price is high. Company should keep in mind the following factors to select a supplier whether to home or abroad: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Purchase price Technological capacity Distribution costs Reliability regarding just-in-time deliveries Service by the raw materials producer Quick response 2. 3 Manage lead time soundly Lead time is one of the main competitive factors among companies. The ability to deliver quickly influences export, sales and thereby revenue. It normally includes all activities from start to end. Lead time begins with the first receipt of a customer order and ends with customer receipt of the product or service. Mr. han should always make available raw material, use high technology, skillful workers and management team to finish the total process properly and meet the lead time. Customer lead time = [{Information lead time} + {Order lead time}] Total lead time = [{Information lead time} + {(manufacturing lead time) + (shipping time for import fabrics) + (S hipping time for export final product)} Mr. khan should reduce time in the following processes: 18 The proposed structure is: 3. Money problems Money problems and solutions Fluctuation of international prices Adopt with international prices High corporate tax rate Negotiation for reduce tax rate 8 Recommendation of money problem: For the money problems showing above, we are giving the following suggestions: 3. 1 Adopt with international prices When product price will fall in international market, then he should produce fewer products and minimize the import. If in this moment he produces more products and maximizes import, then for fluctuation in international market his product price will be fall. For this reason, he can not success his business and sustain will be impossible. To overcome this problem he should produce and import minimize product. Price Demand Production 3. 2 Negotiation for reduce tax rate 18 When any business organization firstly starts a business, then government do not charge any tax on that business for first five years. After five years government charge high corporate tax. To overcome high corporate tax rate Mr. Khan should maximize the profit because from profit government do not charge any tax. He can maximize the profit to develop his product quality. Conclusion Mr. Khan should continue the project for sustain his business and earn profit. We think he will overcome all of his problems if he follows our suggested way. 18 Appendix The own part done by each group members are given in the next page with name and id. 18